Exodus 11 and 12 lesson
Studies in Exodus
TOPIC: Preparation for the Tenth
Plague Upon Egypt
SCRIPTURE: Exodus 11
MEMORY VERSE: Exodus 11:28
Lesson 11 Exodus 11
INTRODUCTION: In this chapter we see that the contest between Pharaoh and the true and living God is almost ended. Warning after warning had been given to Pharaoh, and plague after plague had been sent upon Egypt, but Egypt’s ruler still “hardened his heart” and refused to obey the Lord. There was yet one more plague to be sent upon the nation of Egypt. This would be the most severe judgment of them all. When this judgment was sent, not only would Pharaoh “LET” the people go, but he would “THRUST” them out of Egypt. This chapter records for us the PREPARATION FOR THE TENTH PLAGUE UPON EGYPT.
I GOD’S INSTRUCTIONS TO MOSES v 1-3
A. The Lord instructs Moses concerning the outcome of this last plague v 1 The scene all across the nation of Egypt was one of destruction and barrenness. The once beautiful Nile River Valley was now ugly and bare. Because of the hardness of Pharaoh’s heart, God had sent nine of the most terrible judgments upon the land of Egypt that man has ever known. NOTICE THESE TERRIBLE JUDGMENTS OR PLAGUES:
1) all the water turned into blood (Exodus 7:20-21)
2) frogs covered the land (Exodus 8:6)
3) lice covered the land (Exodus 8:17)
4) flies came upon the Egyptians (Exodus 8:24)
5) murrain disease killed the Egyptians’ cattle (Exodus 9:3-6)
6) boils came upon the Egyptians (Exodus 9:11)
7) hail destroyed the crops of the Egyptians (Exodus 9:23-25)
8) locusts destroyed all the vegetation of the Egyptians (Exodus 10:13-15)
9) darkness covered the land of Egypt (Exodus 10:22-23)
God has one final judgment to send upon the Egyptians that will force Pharaoh to let the children of Israel go!
B. Moses is instructed to tell the children of Israel to borrow jewels of silver and gold from their Egyptian neighbors v 2-3 BORROW (Hebrew - shaal) - “to ask for, to lay to charge” Why should the Lord have His people “borrow” anything from their enemies? In receiving these jewels from the Egyptians, the children of Israel were really only receiving what was rightfully theirs for all their years of labor in the brick-kilns. They were actually only receiving their back wages for services rendered. This was also the fulfillment of God’s promises made to Abraham and to Moses. (Genesis 15:13-14; Exodus 3:21; 12:36)
II MOSES’ ANNOUNCEMENT TO PHARAOH v 4-8
A. Moses tells Pharaoh about the tenth plague that God will send upon Egypt - The death of the firstborn v 4-7 These verses are a continuation of the conversation between Moses and Pharaoh recorded in Exodus 10:28-29. Verses 1-3 of this chapter have been a parenthesis to record the instruction which God had already given Moses. The firstborn of both man and beast of the Egyptians was dedicated to their false gods. Thus, this death of the firstborn would be God claiming the first-fruits of the Egyptian gods. All the Egyptian gods together could not stand up against the true and living God. Each home protected by the blood would not be touched by this judgment of God! (Exodus 12:13; Hebrews 9:22; I Peter 1:18-19)
B. Moses tells Pharaoh that, after this plague, all the Egyptians will bow to him and beg him to leave Egypt v 8 God knows exactly how to humble the proud and exalt the lowly. (Daniel 4:37; 5:20; Psalm 10:2-16; Proverbs 16:18)
NOTE: All these things that happened to Israel in Egypt are recorded in order to teach us some spiritual lessons: (I Corinthians 10:11)
1) EGYPT - a type of the world
2) PHARAOH - a type of Satan
3) THE EGYPTIANS - a type of the allies of Satan
4) THE CHILDREN OF ISRAEL - a type of the sinner enslaved under the bondage of Satan and his allies
5) MOSES - a type of Christ (Deuteronomy 18:15, 18-19, Acts 7:37)
III GOD’S SUMMARY CONCERNING THE PLAGUES v 9-10
In spite of all the wonders, Pharaoh still hardened his heart and refused to obey the Lord v 9-10 There was yet “one plague more” (v 1) that God would send upon Pharaoh and Egypt. After this tenth plague, Pharaoh would at last yield to the will of God. (Isaiah 14:27; Acts 5:39; 9:4-6)
TEACHERS’ TIP: IT IS EASIER TO LEARN TRUTH THAN TO UNLEARN ERROR!
NEXT MEMORY VERSE: I Corinthians 5:7
Studies in Exodus
TOPIC: The Death of the Firstborn
SCRIPTURE: Exodus 12
MEMORY VERSE: I Corinthians 5:7
Lesson 12 Exodus 12
INTRODUCTION: In this chapter we come to the final plague that God would send upon Pharaoh and the nation of Egypt. After the sending of this plague, Pharaoh would at last let the children of Israel go out of the land of Egypt. Here we see the most devastating of the ten plagues sent upon the Egyptians - THE DEATH OF THE FIRSTBORN.
I THE INSTRUCTIONS CONCERNING THE PASSOVER v 1-13
A. The Lord again speaks to Moses and Aaron in Egypt v 1-2 The Lord tells Moses and Aaron that “this month” would be the beginning of the religious year for them. This “month” was the month of Nisan or Abib (April) and became the first month of the Jewish year. (Leviticus 23:4-5; Deuteronomy 16:1)
B. The Lord gives Moses and Aaron instructions on how to conduct the Passover Feast v 3-11
1) “in the tenth day of this month they shall take to them every man a lamb” (v 3) - This lamb is a picture of the Lord Jesus Christ who was the Lamb for sinners slain. (John 1:29)
2) “if the household be too little for the lamb” (v 4) - Notice nothing is said about the lamb being too small for the household. This would never happen for the Lamb of God is always sufficient. (Philippians 4:19)
3) “your lamb shall be without blemish” (v 4) - Nothing but a perfect sacrifice could satisfy the requirements of God, Who Himself is perfect. (Leviticus 22:21-24)
4) “a male of the first year” (v 4) - The lamb was not to be too old or too young. It was to be a male which was to die in the fulness of its strength which would then picture Christ. (Psalm 102:24)
5) “Israel shall kill it in the evening” (v 6) - On this evening thousands of lambs would be killed, yet here God calls all these lambs by the singular word “it.” These lambs pictured only One Lamb in God’s mind - The Lamb of Calvary.
6) “and they shall take of the blood and strike it” (v 7) - This blood on the doorposts and lintel of each of the Israelites’ houses pictures for us the fact that there is salvation only under the blood of Christ. (I Peter 1:18-19)
7) “and they shall eat the flesh in that night, roast with fire” (v 8) - “Fire” speaks of judgment. Jesus was the Lamb of God Who suffered our judgment on the cross of Calvary. UNLEAVENED BREAD - Leaven speaks of sin in the Bible. Unleavened bread speaks of Christ, the Bread of Life. (John 6:35) BITTER HERBS - These herbs speak of the Christian’s experiences in this world. They will not always be sweet but can be bitter at times. (II Timothy 3:12)
8) “eat not of it raw, nor sodden at all with water” (v 9) - The lamb could not be eaten raw because fire speaks of judgment and Jesus bore our judgment for us. SODDEN - “soaked with liquid” - This sacrifice was not to be watered down. This also speaks of the fact that it is the offering of Christ alone, and not water (baptism), that is needed for salvation. (John 14:6)
9) “and ye shall eat it in haste” (v 10-11) - The children of Israel were to be ready for at any moment the Lord might pass over them, and it would be time for them to leave the land of Egypt. This is the way the Christian should be looking for the soon coming of Christ. (Matthew 24:44)
C. The firstborn child of all the families of the Egyptians would die on the night when God passed over the land v 12-13 Each of the nine previous plagues had been sent against one or more of the Egyptian false gods. This plague, however, was against all the false gods of the Egyptians. The Egyptians dedicated all of their firstborn to their false gods. God is taking that which was dedicated to the false gods showing that all the false gods of Egypt could not stand before the true and living God!
II THE INSTITUTION OF THE PASSOVER v 14-28
A. God instructs the children of Israel to keep the Feast of the Passover throughout all their generations v 14-20 This feast was always to be held on the fourteenth of Nisan (April) and continue for seven days. During this time they were to eat unleavened bread and do no work except in preparing the meals. This Feast of Passover would serve as a reminder each year of how God brought the children of Israel up out of the land of Egypt. (I Corinthians 5:7; Hebrews 11:28)
B. Moses instructs the children of Israel to kill the Passover lamb and strike the blood on the doorposts and lintel of their houses v 21-28 HYSSOP (v 22) - “a hairy stemmed plant which grows in rocky places and holds water well” LINTEL (v 23) - “ the horizontal structure above a door” The children of Israel were told to take “hyssop” and make cheap paintbrushes out of it, then dip it into the blood of the Passover lamb and strike the blood on the doorposts and lintel of their houses. God had said that when He saw the blood, He would pass over that house and the firstborn of that family would not die. The firstborn in each family was the representative for the entire family. Faith in the blood was all that spared the children of Israel from death. Faith in the blood of Christ is still the only hope for anyone to escape the second death in hell. (Hebrews 9:22; I John 1:7)
III THE INJURY DONE IN THE PASSOVER v 29-51
A. The Lord smote all the firstborn in the land of Egypt v 29 All the firstborn of man and beast in every household died, if they were not under the blood. Any Egyptian could have followed the example of the Israelites, and put blood on his doorposts and lintel and believed God, and the death angel would have spared the firstborn in his house. But, the Egyptians did not believe, and the cries of mourning rang out from every house where the firstborn had died. This was the fulfillment of God’s promise to Pharaoh, if he did not let the children of Israel go. (Exodus 4:23)
B. Pharaoh sends the children of Israel up out of Egypt v 30-34 The children of Israel left Egypt in the middle of the night, before their bread even had time to rise before baking it the next day. The Egyptians did not know where the judgment of God would end. God had already taken their firstborn. Perhaps next He would kill all the Egyptians they must have thought, so they were insistent that Israel leave Egypt at once.
ARCHAEOLOGICAL NOTE: Scientists have found ancient Egyptian inscriptions which indicate that Pharaoh’s firstborn son was NOT his successor to the throne. The Bible tells us the reason - he died when God sent the plague called the death of the firstborn upon the Egyptians.
C. The children of Israel spoiled the Egyptians v 35-36 SPOIL - “booty, loot or goods taken from a defeated enemy” The Egyptians were glad to get rid of the children of Israel even if it meant losing some of their own wealth. This was the fulfillment of God’s promise made to Abraham (Genesis 15:13-14) and to Moses. (Exodus 3:21)
D. The children of Israel are free to journey out of Egypt v 37-42 This was a huge crowd of Israelites leaving Egypt following Moses:
1) “600,000 men” (v 37) - There are usually more women than men, so a conservative estimate of women could be around 800,000 women.
2) “children” (v 37) - A conservative estimate for the number of children would be two per family, which could be another 800,000 children.
3) “mixed multitude” (v 38) - These were half-breeds; an Egyptian married a Jewish girl or a Jewish boy married an Egyptian girl and their children were mixed. These had to make a decision whether to stay in Egypt or go with the children of Israel. These could number another 300,000 people.
A conservative total amount of people leaving Egypt with Moses in the exodus would be from 2 - 2 ½ million people.
E. The Lord gave Moses and Aaron the requirements for the ordinance of the Passover v 43-51
1) “there shall no stranger eat thereof” (v 43-45-48) - The stranger had to first keep the Jewish ordinance of circumcision before he could observe the Passover.
2) “neither shall he break a bone thereof” (v 46) - This Passover lamb was a picture of Christ Who, when He was crucified, had not a bone of His body broken. (Psalm 34:20; John 19:33-36)
3) “all the congregation of Israel shall heed it” (v 47) - Only those who identified themselves by faith with the people of God could take part in the Passover Feast.
Thus, the children of Israel were brought up out of the land of Egypt!
TEACHERS’ TIP: NONE LIVE SO PLEASANTLY AS THOSE WHO LIVE BY FAITH.
NEXT MEMORY VERSE: Exodus 13:20
TOPIC: Preparation for the Tenth
Plague Upon Egypt
SCRIPTURE: Exodus 11
MEMORY VERSE: Exodus 11:28
Lesson 11 Exodus 11
INTRODUCTION: In this chapter we see that the contest between Pharaoh and the true and living God is almost ended. Warning after warning had been given to Pharaoh, and plague after plague had been sent upon Egypt, but Egypt’s ruler still “hardened his heart” and refused to obey the Lord. There was yet one more plague to be sent upon the nation of Egypt. This would be the most severe judgment of them all. When this judgment was sent, not only would Pharaoh “LET” the people go, but he would “THRUST” them out of Egypt. This chapter records for us the PREPARATION FOR THE TENTH PLAGUE UPON EGYPT.
I GOD’S INSTRUCTIONS TO MOSES v 1-3
A. The Lord instructs Moses concerning the outcome of this last plague v 1 The scene all across the nation of Egypt was one of destruction and barrenness. The once beautiful Nile River Valley was now ugly and bare. Because of the hardness of Pharaoh’s heart, God had sent nine of the most terrible judgments upon the land of Egypt that man has ever known. NOTICE THESE TERRIBLE JUDGMENTS OR PLAGUES:
1) all the water turned into blood (Exodus 7:20-21)
2) frogs covered the land (Exodus 8:6)
3) lice covered the land (Exodus 8:17)
4) flies came upon the Egyptians (Exodus 8:24)
5) murrain disease killed the Egyptians’ cattle (Exodus 9:3-6)
6) boils came upon the Egyptians (Exodus 9:11)
7) hail destroyed the crops of the Egyptians (Exodus 9:23-25)
8) locusts destroyed all the vegetation of the Egyptians (Exodus 10:13-15)
9) darkness covered the land of Egypt (Exodus 10:22-23)
God has one final judgment to send upon the Egyptians that will force Pharaoh to let the children of Israel go!
B. Moses is instructed to tell the children of Israel to borrow jewels of silver and gold from their Egyptian neighbors v 2-3 BORROW (Hebrew - shaal) - “to ask for, to lay to charge” Why should the Lord have His people “borrow” anything from their enemies? In receiving these jewels from the Egyptians, the children of Israel were really only receiving what was rightfully theirs for all their years of labor in the brick-kilns. They were actually only receiving their back wages for services rendered. This was also the fulfillment of God’s promises made to Abraham and to Moses. (Genesis 15:13-14; Exodus 3:21; 12:36)
II MOSES’ ANNOUNCEMENT TO PHARAOH v 4-8
A. Moses tells Pharaoh about the tenth plague that God will send upon Egypt - The death of the firstborn v 4-7 These verses are a continuation of the conversation between Moses and Pharaoh recorded in Exodus 10:28-29. Verses 1-3 of this chapter have been a parenthesis to record the instruction which God had already given Moses. The firstborn of both man and beast of the Egyptians was dedicated to their false gods. Thus, this death of the firstborn would be God claiming the first-fruits of the Egyptian gods. All the Egyptian gods together could not stand up against the true and living God. Each home protected by the blood would not be touched by this judgment of God! (Exodus 12:13; Hebrews 9:22; I Peter 1:18-19)
B. Moses tells Pharaoh that, after this plague, all the Egyptians will bow to him and beg him to leave Egypt v 8 God knows exactly how to humble the proud and exalt the lowly. (Daniel 4:37; 5:20; Psalm 10:2-16; Proverbs 16:18)
NOTE: All these things that happened to Israel in Egypt are recorded in order to teach us some spiritual lessons: (I Corinthians 10:11)
1) EGYPT - a type of the world
2) PHARAOH - a type of Satan
3) THE EGYPTIANS - a type of the allies of Satan
4) THE CHILDREN OF ISRAEL - a type of the sinner enslaved under the bondage of Satan and his allies
5) MOSES - a type of Christ (Deuteronomy 18:15, 18-19, Acts 7:37)
III GOD’S SUMMARY CONCERNING THE PLAGUES v 9-10
In spite of all the wonders, Pharaoh still hardened his heart and refused to obey the Lord v 9-10 There was yet “one plague more” (v 1) that God would send upon Pharaoh and Egypt. After this tenth plague, Pharaoh would at last yield to the will of God. (Isaiah 14:27; Acts 5:39; 9:4-6)
TEACHERS’ TIP: IT IS EASIER TO LEARN TRUTH THAN TO UNLEARN ERROR!
NEXT MEMORY VERSE: I Corinthians 5:7
Studies in Exodus
TOPIC: The Death of the Firstborn
SCRIPTURE: Exodus 12
MEMORY VERSE: I Corinthians 5:7
Lesson 12 Exodus 12
INTRODUCTION: In this chapter we come to the final plague that God would send upon Pharaoh and the nation of Egypt. After the sending of this plague, Pharaoh would at last let the children of Israel go out of the land of Egypt. Here we see the most devastating of the ten plagues sent upon the Egyptians - THE DEATH OF THE FIRSTBORN.
I THE INSTRUCTIONS CONCERNING THE PASSOVER v 1-13
A. The Lord again speaks to Moses and Aaron in Egypt v 1-2 The Lord tells Moses and Aaron that “this month” would be the beginning of the religious year for them. This “month” was the month of Nisan or Abib (April) and became the first month of the Jewish year. (Leviticus 23:4-5; Deuteronomy 16:1)
B. The Lord gives Moses and Aaron instructions on how to conduct the Passover Feast v 3-11
1) “in the tenth day of this month they shall take to them every man a lamb” (v 3) - This lamb is a picture of the Lord Jesus Christ who was the Lamb for sinners slain. (John 1:29)
2) “if the household be too little for the lamb” (v 4) - Notice nothing is said about the lamb being too small for the household. This would never happen for the Lamb of God is always sufficient. (Philippians 4:19)
3) “your lamb shall be without blemish” (v 4) - Nothing but a perfect sacrifice could satisfy the requirements of God, Who Himself is perfect. (Leviticus 22:21-24)
4) “a male of the first year” (v 4) - The lamb was not to be too old or too young. It was to be a male which was to die in the fulness of its strength which would then picture Christ. (Psalm 102:24)
5) “Israel shall kill it in the evening” (v 6) - On this evening thousands of lambs would be killed, yet here God calls all these lambs by the singular word “it.” These lambs pictured only One Lamb in God’s mind - The Lamb of Calvary.
6) “and they shall take of the blood and strike it” (v 7) - This blood on the doorposts and lintel of each of the Israelites’ houses pictures for us the fact that there is salvation only under the blood of Christ. (I Peter 1:18-19)
7) “and they shall eat the flesh in that night, roast with fire” (v 8) - “Fire” speaks of judgment. Jesus was the Lamb of God Who suffered our judgment on the cross of Calvary. UNLEAVENED BREAD - Leaven speaks of sin in the Bible. Unleavened bread speaks of Christ, the Bread of Life. (John 6:35) BITTER HERBS - These herbs speak of the Christian’s experiences in this world. They will not always be sweet but can be bitter at times. (II Timothy 3:12)
8) “eat not of it raw, nor sodden at all with water” (v 9) - The lamb could not be eaten raw because fire speaks of judgment and Jesus bore our judgment for us. SODDEN - “soaked with liquid” - This sacrifice was not to be watered down. This also speaks of the fact that it is the offering of Christ alone, and not water (baptism), that is needed for salvation. (John 14:6)
9) “and ye shall eat it in haste” (v 10-11) - The children of Israel were to be ready for at any moment the Lord might pass over them, and it would be time for them to leave the land of Egypt. This is the way the Christian should be looking for the soon coming of Christ. (Matthew 24:44)
C. The firstborn child of all the families of the Egyptians would die on the night when God passed over the land v 12-13 Each of the nine previous plagues had been sent against one or more of the Egyptian false gods. This plague, however, was against all the false gods of the Egyptians. The Egyptians dedicated all of their firstborn to their false gods. God is taking that which was dedicated to the false gods showing that all the false gods of Egypt could not stand before the true and living God!
II THE INSTITUTION OF THE PASSOVER v 14-28
A. God instructs the children of Israel to keep the Feast of the Passover throughout all their generations v 14-20 This feast was always to be held on the fourteenth of Nisan (April) and continue for seven days. During this time they were to eat unleavened bread and do no work except in preparing the meals. This Feast of Passover would serve as a reminder each year of how God brought the children of Israel up out of the land of Egypt. (I Corinthians 5:7; Hebrews 11:28)
B. Moses instructs the children of Israel to kill the Passover lamb and strike the blood on the doorposts and lintel of their houses v 21-28 HYSSOP (v 22) - “a hairy stemmed plant which grows in rocky places and holds water well” LINTEL (v 23) - “ the horizontal structure above a door” The children of Israel were told to take “hyssop” and make cheap paintbrushes out of it, then dip it into the blood of the Passover lamb and strike the blood on the doorposts and lintel of their houses. God had said that when He saw the blood, He would pass over that house and the firstborn of that family would not die. The firstborn in each family was the representative for the entire family. Faith in the blood was all that spared the children of Israel from death. Faith in the blood of Christ is still the only hope for anyone to escape the second death in hell. (Hebrews 9:22; I John 1:7)
III THE INJURY DONE IN THE PASSOVER v 29-51
A. The Lord smote all the firstborn in the land of Egypt v 29 All the firstborn of man and beast in every household died, if they were not under the blood. Any Egyptian could have followed the example of the Israelites, and put blood on his doorposts and lintel and believed God, and the death angel would have spared the firstborn in his house. But, the Egyptians did not believe, and the cries of mourning rang out from every house where the firstborn had died. This was the fulfillment of God’s promise to Pharaoh, if he did not let the children of Israel go. (Exodus 4:23)
B. Pharaoh sends the children of Israel up out of Egypt v 30-34 The children of Israel left Egypt in the middle of the night, before their bread even had time to rise before baking it the next day. The Egyptians did not know where the judgment of God would end. God had already taken their firstborn. Perhaps next He would kill all the Egyptians they must have thought, so they were insistent that Israel leave Egypt at once.
ARCHAEOLOGICAL NOTE: Scientists have found ancient Egyptian inscriptions which indicate that Pharaoh’s firstborn son was NOT his successor to the throne. The Bible tells us the reason - he died when God sent the plague called the death of the firstborn upon the Egyptians.
C. The children of Israel spoiled the Egyptians v 35-36 SPOIL - “booty, loot or goods taken from a defeated enemy” The Egyptians were glad to get rid of the children of Israel even if it meant losing some of their own wealth. This was the fulfillment of God’s promise made to Abraham (Genesis 15:13-14) and to Moses. (Exodus 3:21)
D. The children of Israel are free to journey out of Egypt v 37-42 This was a huge crowd of Israelites leaving Egypt following Moses:
1) “600,000 men” (v 37) - There are usually more women than men, so a conservative estimate of women could be around 800,000 women.
2) “children” (v 37) - A conservative estimate for the number of children would be two per family, which could be another 800,000 children.
3) “mixed multitude” (v 38) - These were half-breeds; an Egyptian married a Jewish girl or a Jewish boy married an Egyptian girl and their children were mixed. These had to make a decision whether to stay in Egypt or go with the children of Israel. These could number another 300,000 people.
A conservative total amount of people leaving Egypt with Moses in the exodus would be from 2 - 2 ½ million people.
E. The Lord gave Moses and Aaron the requirements for the ordinance of the Passover v 43-51
1) “there shall no stranger eat thereof” (v 43-45-48) - The stranger had to first keep the Jewish ordinance of circumcision before he could observe the Passover.
2) “neither shall he break a bone thereof” (v 46) - This Passover lamb was a picture of Christ Who, when He was crucified, had not a bone of His body broken. (Psalm 34:20; John 19:33-36)
3) “all the congregation of Israel shall heed it” (v 47) - Only those who identified themselves by faith with the people of God could take part in the Passover Feast.
Thus, the children of Israel were brought up out of the land of Egypt!
TEACHERS’ TIP: NONE LIVE SO PLEASANTLY AS THOSE WHO LIVE BY FAITH.
NEXT MEMORY VERSE: Exodus 13:20
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